2025年4月14日 星期一

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2020年2月23日 星期日

Introduction


個案自陳成效測量資訊系統
(Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System, PROMIS)
簡介
Ay-Woan Pan, PhD. OTR(USA)/OTC(Taiwan)
Associate Professor, School of Occupational Therapy,
College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
aywoan@ntu.edu.tw

From MOST funded project-
MOST 103-2314-B-002 -179 -MY3
成效評估系統是實證醫學的基本工具,世界各國皆陸續推展,台灣尚在萌芽階段,對於成效評估系統的建立和技術推展尚不足夠。個案自陳式評量(Patient-reported outcome, PRO)已成為現代醫療的臨床與研究中重要的成效評量(outcome measure)之一,2002年五月美國國家衛生研究院 (NIH) 針對21世紀的生物醫學研究,超過300位在學術界、業界、政府和公共單位的領袖經過一連串商討,規劃出路線圖(Roadmap)”計畫,其最終目標是提升醫學研究的效益,轉譯新的科學知識至臨床運用,三大發展領域包括新發掘之道(New Pathway to Discovery)、未來研究團隊(Research Teams of the Future)、再造臨床研究事業(Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise)新發掘之道的宗旨是提升我們對複雜生物系統的了解,提供許多對於研究者需求更敏銳、彈性和容易適應的技術、資料庫和其他科學資源,建立21世紀較佳的醫學研究的工具箱(toolbox)未來研究團隊試圖鼓勵科學家測試替代的模式來執行研究,包括嘗試未開發的研究途徑,並鼓勵新的夥伴關係,帶動科學發現的轉譯運動。再造臨床研究事業是採用系統化的基礎,促進和強化臨床研究過程,使科學發現更有效率,其中慢性疾病個案自評成效的動態評估(Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported Chronic Disease Outcomes)即為計畫之一。
美國國家衛生研究院(NIH)2004年九月開始補助一個多中心合作團隊,個案自陳成效評量資訊系統 (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, PROMIS)計畫於焉產生。此團隊一開始由六個研究中心和一個統計整合中心組成,宗旨為運用測量科學,建置一個最先進的個案自評健康狀態/生活品質的系統,提供臨床工作者和研究者一個有效率、精確、具效度、有反應性的成人和兒童的健康、安適感評量。透過量性、質性的研究分析方法,並根據現代測驗理論 (IRT) 在測驗發展上的應用,選擇最具代表性的題目發展問卷,測驗等值化以發展跨族群和跨文化的評估工具和電腦適性測驗(CAT),以有效因應臨床求快速、精準地篩檢和評估個案之需求。

The PROMIS scales-Traditional Chinese Taiwan version is now available

索取量表表格下載(2025/4/15)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bQLb0d9SM06VgKBm1yQRPPmOwVASLPgO/view?usp=sharing

Goal of Taiwan PROMIS

PROMIS主要目標包括:
1) 發展和測試大型個案自評成效的題目資料庫,力求包含該概念範疇所有相關經驗的題目。
2)建立電腦化適性系統,促使有效率、心理計量特性良好的個案自評成效評估工具,能運用在各種慢性疾病的臨床試驗研究中。
3)建立公開免費使用的系統,能夠階段性地增加和調整題庫和電腦適性測驗。希望能創造和發表一系列質性和量性方法標準,以促進PROMIS工具的發展和效度,成為一個能持續成長的研究,並加以推廣宣傳,實際運用於臨床或政策上。相較於傳統的健康相關臨床測驗,PROMIS希望可幫助臨床工作者進一步了解各種治療對於個案的影響,包括症狀和經驗感受。除了可進一步擬定治療計畫,並能夠促進醫病溝通,對於慢性疾病有更妥善的處置。

Researches

2004-2009年,第一階段PROMIS已達成下列研究目標:為成人和兒童的資料庫建立範疇架構,和選擇適當的起始題目組。將這些候選題目試用在各種不同慢性疾病的族群,分析資料,建立第一版PROMIS的題目資料庫。建立以網路為基礎的資訊系統,實施電腦化適性測驗,個案自陳評估和專家意見的臨床研究。進行可行性的研究,以評估PROMIS的臨床適用性,促使廣泛運用工具在臨床研究和照護上,並分享PROMIS的方法學、評估工具和軟體給科學家與研究者。已發展出針對美國一般民眾和疾病族群的11個題庫,這些題庫均已經過驗證,具有良好的心理計量特性。
2010年開啟了第二階段的PROMIS計畫,推展至1PROMIS網絡中心 (美國國衛院)1個統計整合中心 (西北大學),和12個主要研究中心(primary research sites, PRS),包括波士頓大學/密西根大學、費城兒童醫院、辛辛那提兒童醫學中心醫院、杜克大學、喬治城大學、史丹佛大學、紐約州立石溪大學、北卡羅萊州立大學查普希爾分校、馬里蘭大學、匹茲堡大學、加州大學洛杉磯分校/密西根大學、華盛頓大學。致力於發展新的題目、資料庫、擴展範疇架構,進行長期追蹤研究,驗證PROMIS工具的信、效度和反應性,持續與其他健康相關聯邦機構、病人組織互動合作,建立夥伴關係來促進PROMIS的發展,並將題目範疇翻譯成其他語言,促進國際性研究。
PROMIS經過將近十年嚴謹完善的專家討論和研究流程,研擬出全面性的自評健康架構,適用於一般民眾及各種慢性疾病族群,分為成人自評版、兒童自評版,和兒童代理人填寫版。目前最新完整架構包括整體健康以及生理健康、心理健康、社會健康三大要素,涵蓋內容如下:生理健康的次要素包括症狀(疼痛、疲倦、腸胃道症狀三範疇)和功能(生理功能、性功能和滿意度、睡眠功能、生理活動四範疇);心理健康次要素包括情感(負向、正向兩範疇)、行為(物質使用/酒精範疇)、認知(應用認知-一般關注、應用認知-能力、自我效能感三範疇),社會健康次要素包括關係(社會孤立、社會支持品質、同儕關係、家庭歸屬感四範疇)和功能(社會角色和活動的參與能力、社會角色和活動的參與滿意度兩範疇)
        題庫的發展需經過非常嚴謹的建置和測試流程,從定義目標概念架構、收集個別題項彙整成題目群組、決定題目庫特性、測試評估工具形式、驗證信度/效度/解釋性,一直到工具翻譯成其他語言並進行跨文化研究,以能適用於成人、兒童和兒童代理者填答。題目的建置需要經過專家確認和個案實際施測,每次預試過後,增加新的題目就需再重新與個案會談題目的合適性,以求個案可理解。最特別的是,PROMIS 提供一個公開、免費的線上評估中心(Assessment center),對於每一概念建構,提供有4-10題簡短版問卷和電腦適性測驗(4-7題可精準測量個案狀態)2004年至今,目前已發表超過250篇文獻,探討PROMIS的題庫建置、心理計量特性與應用於不同族群的成效等。

Up coming research: Applying Ten Steps Translation Process in Quality of Life Scales

To be published in Formosan Journal of Medicine

Applying Ten Steps Translation Process in Quality of Life Scales

Ay-Woan Pan 12, Jin-Shei Lai 3, Helena Correia 3

Abstract: The DSM-5 published in 2013 by American Psychiatry Association identified that the following scales developed by the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement and Information System (PROMIS) can be applied to measure the functions of the persons with mental illness (anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and sleep-related impairment). The first author secured the permission to translate these five scales. The purpose of the study is to introduce the steps of the translation process we adapted which was developed by the PROMIS center. The procedure can be adapted by scholars who translate foreign developed scales related to feeling and health. It took us 9 months and 11 bilingual personnel to finish. We found that the items from Anger, depression and anxiety were hard to translate using the correct traditional Chinese. It might be because there is no accurate expression of feeling, psychological status and emotional status in traditional Chinese. Thus, we suggested adapting the procedure of “expert meeting”, “meeting of cross-cultural experts” and “cognitive debriefing”.
Key Words: translation, PROMIS, feeling-related scale, occupational therapy
(Full text in Chinese: Formosan J Med 2020;24:92-101) DOI:10.6320/FJM.202001_24(1).0010

1 School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University;
2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;
3 Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern
University, USA
Received: December 27, 2018 Accepted: April 30, 2019
Address correspondence to: Ay-Woan Pan, School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan
University, Room 407, 4F., No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: aywoan@ntu.edu.tw

The development of the quality of life related PROMIS scales


台灣科技部補助研究計畫成果
個案自陳成效測量資訊系統(PROMIS)生活品質相關量表之發展
(MOST 103-2314-B-002-179-MY3)

主持人台灣大學醫學院職能治療學系 潘璦琬 副教授

中 文 摘 要

        慢性疾病患者的生活品質低於健康人。而精神障礙者的生活品質除了低於健康人之外,甚至比其他慢性疾病患者來的差。雖然精神醫療的發展已經使得個案功能改善,進一步得以在社區上過正常的生活。但是生活品質的研究結果顯示,精神障礙者仍需要適當的服務以改善生活品質與滿意度。本計畫透過國際合作方式,與美國大型計畫-個案自陳成效測量資訊系統(patient reported outcome measurement information system, PROMIS)的核心實驗室的研究者合作,共同發展生活品質測量的繁體中文版,並進行測試,建立台灣個案生活品質相關量表的完整版。
        本研究第一年翻譯了PROMIS中的情緒困擾-焦慮(29),情緒困擾憂鬱(28),情緒困擾-憤怒(22),睡眠困擾(27)以及睡眠相關的障礙(16)。透過嚴謹的翻譯、反翻譯、反覆修訂、專家檢測以及認知檢測等流程,完成繁體中文版之建置。第二年與第三年,進行了正常個案的收集,以及精神疾病個案的收集。共收集311位正常個案,其中33%為男性,平均年齡為28 (SD=9.46)。以及409位精神疾病患者。其中男性占46.7%,平均年齡為45(SD=11.89)。總共收集了720位個案資料。男性共佔40.7%,平均年齡為38(SD=14)。收集資料用了較久的時間,特別是精神障礙者。
        本研究資料透過羅序模式分析,支持PROMIS5份量表具有良好的內在一致性,以及可接受的建構效度。進一步比較台灣正常個案與精神障礙者在PROMIS五份量表的分數差異,在調整年齡、教育程度以及婚姻狀態後,兩組沒有顯著差異。若與美國常模相比,結果發現,台灣正常個案的憂鬱,焦慮以及精神障礙個案的憂鬱、焦慮及睡眠障礙分數,均顯著高於美國常模(代表較為嚴重)。此結果可作為未來介入的參考。所翻譯以及驗證的PROMIS五份量表的繁體中文版,可望用於未來臨床與研究中。
        本研究結束後,PROMIS也成立台灣PROMIS國家中心,由我擔任中心負責人,促進未來持續的研究交流。
中文關鍵詞: 個案自陳量表,憂鬱,焦慮,生氣,睡眠障礙個案自陳量表,憂鬱,焦慮,生氣,睡眠障礙

Abstract
      Persons with chronic disease have poorer quality of life than normal people. Among the client groups, researchers in mental health area have been faced a problem to find proper quality of life scale and related measures which are reliable and valid, and can be relied upon to provide adequate information regarding clients’ quality of life.
      Although the progress of the modern psychiatry promotes the functional recovery of the persons with mental illness, the quality of life for those persons are still in need of attention. The purpose of the study is to collaborate with researchers from one of the renowned project- PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System), and develop the traditional Chinese version of the quality of life related measures. We chose to translate five scales among PROMIS based on the suggestions made by American Psychiatric Association to measure the functions of the clients. They are emotional distress-anxiety (29 items), emotional distress-depression (28 items), emotional distress-anger (22 items), sleep disturbance (27 items) and sleep-related impairment (16 items).
      For the first year, we adapted a standard procedure of translation developed by PROMIS core center. We used translation, back translation, expert review and cognitive debriefing to develop the traditional Chinese version.
      From the second year, we recruited 311 normal subjects and 409 persons with mental illness to participate in the study. The normal group had average age of 27.9 (SD=9.46) and there were 33% of the male. For the persons with mental illness group, their average age is 45.5 (SD=11.89) and 46.7% were male. A total of 720 subjects filled out 5 scales.
      We applied Rasch measurement model to analyze the dataset. The results showed that the internal consistency for all 5 scales were high. After removing a few items on 5 scales, the final scales fit the Rasch model to form a unidimensional scale for each scale. We compared the scores of 5 scales between normal group and client group and found that, after adjusting for the differences on age, educational status and marital status, there was no significant difference on scores for all 5 scales. We compared the scores on 5 scales between Taiwanese subjects and norm of USA. We found that there were significant differences on scores of depression and anxiety between Taiwanese normal group and US norm. We also found that there were significant differences on the scores of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance between client group and US norm. The implication of the results can be an evidence for future clinical intervention. The translated version of 5 scales can be applied in clinical practice and research in the future.
      After the end of the project, a national center of PROMIS was established which Dr. Pan serves as the representative of the center. It is expected that there will be continuous exchange of research activities related to PROMIS in the future.
Keywords: self-reported outcome; depression; anxiety; anger; sleep disturbance


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